<p class="ql-block">呂貝克是一座位于德國北部的中世紀城市,以其保存完好的中世紀建筑而聞名,她不僅是漢薩同盟的重要成員,而且在歷史上曾是波羅的海地區最大的港口和貿易中心。</p><p class="ql-block">https://www.luebeck.de</p> <p class="ql-block">1987 年,聯合國教科文組織首次將漢薩同盟城市呂貝克的中世紀市中心列為北歐的世界遺產。老城中歷經數世紀發展而成的建筑結構,以眾多杰出的單體建筑為特色,使呂貝克成為具有全球意義的建筑遺產。入選的決定性因素包括規劃的城市布局,具有歷史街道和廣場的空間結構,老城區未遭破壞區域的原始歷史建筑,以及擁有七座宏偉教堂塔樓的醒目且獨特的城市天際線。</p> <p class="ql-block">In 1987, UNESCO designated the medieval city center of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck as a World Heritage Site for the first time in Northern Europe. The building fabric in the old town, which has grown over the centuries and is characterized by many outstanding individual buildings, identifies Lübeck as an architectural heritage of global significance. Decisive factors for the inclusion were the planned urban layout with the historic spatial structures of the streets and squares, the original historic buildings in the undestroyed areas of the old town and the striking and unmistakable city skyline with the seven towers of the monumental churches.</p> <p class="ql-block">這座老城保存下來的區域整體呈現出漢薩同盟城市的中世紀結構,是一座高級別的歐洲古跡。老城的整體印象因獨特的建筑亮點而得以提升,包括宗教建筑和世俗建筑,而城市獨特的輪廓及其七座教堂塔樓所展現出的綜合效果更是令人印象深刻。</p> <p class="ql-block">"The preserved quarters of the old town as a whole represent the medieval structure of the Hanseatic city and embody a high-ranking European monument. The overall impression of the old town is enhanced by individual architectural highlights, both ecclesiastical and secular, while the combined effect is revealed by the unique silhouette of the city with its seven church towers."</p> <p class="ql-block">老城區的中心四面環水,部分由城墻和公園作為補充。盡管在第二次世界大戰期間遭受了破壞,但其基本的城市結構,包括 15 和 16 世紀的貴族房屋,以及公共紀念碑(著名的霍爾斯坦門)、教堂、鹽屋和倉庫,仍保持不變。直到今天,這座城鎮的布局仍清晰可辨,是一件和諧、完整的藝術作品,其獨特的輪廓從遠處就能看到。</p> <p class="ql-block">"The heart of the old town is surrounded by water on all sides, partly complemented by ramparts and parks. Despite the damage it suffered during the Second World War, the basic urban structure, consisting of patrician houses from the 15th and 16th centuries, as well as public monuments (the famous Holsten Gate), churches, salt houses and warehouses, has remained unchanged. To this day, the town's layout is clearly recognizable as a harmonious, complete work of art, and its unique silhouette can be seen from afar."</p> <p class="ql-block">呂貝克老城內聳立著五座大教堂( 圣佩特利教堂、圣瑪麗教堂、呂貝克大教堂、艾格帝教堂、雅可比教堂),教堂由七座高聳的塔樓構成 ,因此呂貝克也被稱為 “七塔之城”。</p> <p class="ql-block">呂貝克雖然不大,卻誕生了3位諾貝爾獎得主:</p><p class="ql-block">Thomas Mann 托馬斯·曼(Literaturnobelpreis 諾貝爾文學獎 1929年), </p><p class="ql-block">Willy Brandt 維利·勃蘭特(Friedensnobelpreis 諾貝爾和平獎1971年),</p><p class="ql-block">Günter Grass 君特·格拉斯(Literaturnobelpreis諾貝爾文學獎 1999年)。</p> <p class="ql-block">老城中融合了哥特式、文藝復興時期、巴洛克式和古典主義等各種元素的建筑古跡,形成了獨特的城市景觀。</p> <p class="ql-block">荷爾斯滕門(Holstentor)是呂貝克的地標。 荷爾斯滕門當年主要用作戰爭時期的 防御建筑,如今是 呂貝克唯一保存完好的城門,也是德國最著名、最重要的中世紀后期的城門之一。</p> <p class="ql-block">The Holsten Gate ("Holstein Gate") is probably the best-known and most important surviving city gate from the late Middle Ages in Germany. It is a city gate that borders the city center of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck to the west. The late Gothic building is one of the remains of the fortifications of Lübeck's city fortifications. Alongside the castle gate, it is the only surviving city gate in Lübeck.</p> <p class="ql-block">圣靈養老院 Heiligen Geisn Hospital建于1286年,全世界最古老的社會福利機構和呂貝克最有價值的建筑物之一。</p> <p class="ql-block">市政廳建于公元13世紀,其較老舊的建筑是哥特式的,今日所看到的文藝復興樣式的部分則是十六世紀時的加建。</p> <p class="ql-block">呂貝克木偶劇院博物館坐落于一條隱蔽的街道上,臨近霍爾斯滕門,收藏有三個世紀以來三個大陸(歐洲、亞洲和非洲)的上千件木偶。</p> <p class="ql-block">圣佩特利教堂(Petrikirche)1225年起建,哥特式教堂,108米高,現主要作為高雅文化藝術和音樂會場地。</p> <p class="ql-block">圣佩特利教堂的內部純凈潔白神圣,與其說是教堂圣物,不如說是一件后現代藝術品。教堂常被用作現代美術展與音樂會的場地。</p> <p class="ql-block">乘電梯上五十米高處的觀景塔可欣賞到呂貝克全城及郊區風景。</p>
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