<p class="ql-block">你可能游歷過大江南北</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">但灘、灣、渚、島、礁......</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">你都分辨不出來</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">你走過很多園林</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">然而亭、臺、樓、閣、軒......</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">卻不一定都認識</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>看完這篇文章才知道</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>中國文字的博大精深</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>真是讓人嘆為觀止</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">海岸篇</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> 一面臨水叫<b>岸</b>或<b>灘</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">兩面臨水叫<b>灣</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">三面臨水叫<b>渚</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">無錫太湖黿頭渚↓</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">四面臨水大的叫<b>島</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">小的叫<b>礁</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">石頭多的叫<b>磯</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">河流大的叫<b>江</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">小的叫<b>河</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">水邊或河流入海的地方叫<b>浦</b>；</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <h3>面積小的叫<strong>塘</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>面積大的叫<strong>湖</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>淺的叫<strong>蕩</strong>。（蘆花蕩）</h3></br><h3> <h3>三面臨水面積大的稱為<strong>半島</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>密集的島嶼稱為<strong>群島</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>成線狀或弧狀排列的稱為<strong>列島</strong>。（日本）</h3></br><h3> <h3>水與草交接的地方稱為<strong>湄</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>厓是山邊，<strong>涯</strong>從水，指水邊</h3></br><h3> <h3>小水坑稱為<strong>洼</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>小而深的水稱為<strong>潭</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>大而深的水稱為<strong>淵</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>水草茂密的積水地帶稱為<strong>沼澤</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>人工挖掘的排水道稱為<strong>渠</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>人工開鑿的大型功能性河流叫<strong>運河</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>較低的擋水構筑物叫<strong>堰</strong>；（都江堰）</h3></br><h3> <h3>相對堰高一點的叫<strong>壩</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>江河沿岸停靠的碼頭叫<strong>埠</strong>；</h3></br><h3> <h3>停泊大船的江海碼頭叫<strong>港</strong></h3></br><h3> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">園林篇</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>亭：</b>有頂無墻且一般只有一間的建筑</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">是供人憩息的場所</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">也是園林中重要的點景建筑</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><b>臺：</b>高出地面而建的平面建筑物</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">最古老的園林建筑形式之一</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><b>樓：</b>指兩層以上的大型建筑物</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">樓在建筑組群中常居于次要位置</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">處于建筑組群的最后一列或左右廂位置</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><b>閣：</b>重屋為樓，四敞為閣</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">閣四面皆有窗，且也設有門</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">四周還都設有挑出的平座</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">供人環閣漫步、觀景</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"><strong>軒：</strong>與亭相似，但通常有窗</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">亦可代指有窗的廊子或小屋子</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">它不作為園林的主體建筑</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">可以看作是“引景”之物</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"> <p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"><strong>榭：</strong>多指水榭，是臨水而建</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">供人們休息、觀景的建筑</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">依靠周圍景色建榭</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">且平臺的一部分伸出水面</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">與軒剛好相反<br></br></h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"> <p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"><strong>廊：</strong>連接兩個建筑物之間的通道</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">上有頂棚，以柱支撐</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">用以遮陽、擋雨</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">便于人們游走過程中觀賞景物</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"> <p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"><strong>舫：</strong>似船而不能劃動</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">故而又稱之為“不系舟”</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">仿照船型而造的一種建筑</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">大多三面臨水，一面與陸地相連</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei">（頤和園昆明湖石舫）</h3></br><p arial="arial" border-box="border-box" both="both" break-word="break-word" center="center" em="em" gb="gb" helvetica="helvetica" hiragino="hiragino" important="important" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" none="none" normal="normal" px="px" rgb="rgb" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" yahei="yahei"> <p class="ql-block">看完真是嘆為觀止啊！</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">許多司空見慣的東西</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">真正碰到了竟然叫不出名子</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">有的不能找到確切的名稱定位</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">甚至有的連字都不認識！</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">人生真是學無止境啊！</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>最后，一起欣賞下</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>中國獨有的古建筑</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>亭臺樓閣！</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jHU_wjSOPI2BXLcdFDtD-w" >查看原文</a> 原文轉載自微信公眾號,著作權歸作者所有
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