春天的FT備課內容

Amy小時候

春天的FT內容真的很多，有一些東西還是沒有時間全部多做起齊，所以參考了其他媽媽之前做的一些內容整合到一起，先備著，等到真正做的時候再結合實際情況補充或刪減。本著滾動復習螺旋上升的原則每年都做一遍。1、植物生命周期2、卵生動物的生命周期3、青蛙的生命周期4、野餐搭帳篷5、放風箏6、賞花加入雙語工程第一季，聽了姜老師的課才知道原來春天要做的事情有這么多，北方的春天比較短，除了花草樹木的一些變化，對于小動物城市里的小朋友接觸的就比較少了。雖然非常想給孩子一個有樂趣有回憶的童年，但是心里對于養蠶、孵蛋還是非常的糾結。所以還是先從簡單的做起吧，先把能做的先做好。關于花的單詞Jasmine/ ?d??sm?n / 茉莉花, orchid/ ???k?d / 蘭花, pomegranate / ?p?m??ɡr?n?t / 石榴花,purple jasmine紫茉莉，yellow orchid 黃角蘭，jonquil / ?d???kw?l /長壽花，wintersweet 臘梅，cabbage seedlings小白菜幼苗... All about seeds1.Everything on earth has a life cycle. Life begins, it grows,it reproduces, it dies. But what is a plants life cycle?Plants start their lives as tiny seeds.2.Seeds can be as tiny as a grain or as big as a fingernail.Some are round while others are flat or tear-shaped.3.Inside is an embryo, which is a tiny plant and the endosperm, which are small leaves which supply it with food from the food store. The outside of the seed has a seed coat which protects the plant4.Some plants, like ferns, dont produce seeds. They make spores. They drop off the plant and eventually make new plants.Animals often eat seeds as do we.5.Some seeds are carried to new places by the wind.6.Seeds cannot grow underneath other plants and need a clear space to grow where sunlight can reach them easily. FT 1Sow the seeds播種1.We got some cabbage seeds，tomato seed and strawberry seeds on line in advance.2.We need some flower pots，seeds，dirt，compost and tools.3.Put the dirt in the pots .Mix some compost evenly.4.Dig some holes with the spade.5.Put some seeds in the holes and cover them with dirt.6.Spray some water on the dirt.7.Paste some labels on the pots.8.Lay the pots in a place that sunshine can arrive.9.Water once or twice a day to keep the dirt moist.10.New sprouts發芽 come up.11.Now they are seedlings幼苗.12.Then they will grow into mature vegetables and we can enjoy the fresh vegetables.Life cycle of a tree樹的生命周期1.The process from a seed to fruit contains seed，germination萌芽（sprouting seed發芽的種子sprout芽），seedling/sapling幼樹，small tree，mature成熟的 tree with flowers，mature tree with fruits and fruit with seed.2.First，we plant/grow/sow a seed in the soil/dirt.Or fruits with seeds fall dowm on the ground.3.Then，the seed draws sunlight，water and nutrients營養素（compost and minerals ）and sprout comes up/burst open發芽.4.Roots grow underground/push down.Roots of a plant are present under the ground.The roots give support to the plant.5.Stem of a plant is present above the ground.It gives support to the plant，too.It also bears branches，leaves，flowers and fruits.It carries food and water to all parts of the plant.Stem is known as the back-bone of the plant.6.Leaf prepares food for the plant.7.The sprout grows into a sapling幼樹.It is getting bigger and taller.Now it is a small tree.8.Next，many buds花苞 on the mature tree come/open up.Flowers blossom/bloom/open開放 successively先后地.Some flowers are very beautiful and fragrant.Most of the plants bear flowers.Flowers are the most beautiful part of the plant.They have different shapes，sizes and colors.Some flowers smell good .Some of the good smelling flowers are rose，jasmine，lotus，sunflowers，apple flower，etc.9.They may change into fruit.Little bees come to sip nectar and get pollen from flower to flower.They pollenate授粉 the flowers and the flowers will bear fruits結果實.Fruits are juicy and tasty.What fruit do you like best？Watermelon/Strawberry/cheery/apple/orange，mango，peach......Fruits are very useful for us.They protect us from various diseases.We should eat plenty of fruits daily.10.Last，seeds are in the fruits.Some of the fruits which contain seeds are mango，apple，orange，watermelon，papaya，etc.Seeds have different shapes and sizes.Plants grow from seeds.A baby plant is hidden inside a seed.Seeds also contain food for the baby plant.If we want have a new tree，we can plant the seeds in the dirt/soil.Process of Photosynthesis光合作用1.The plant draws up/absorb water and nutrients（plant food/compost肥料 and minerals礦物質）through its roots.2.The leaves trap energy from sunlight. 3.The leaves take in Carbon Dioxide/CO2二氧化碳 from the air.4.The plants use the energy of sunlight to turn water and Carbon Dioxide二氧化碳 into glucose葡萄糖/sugars and oxygen.They take Carbon Dioxide二氧化碳 from the air and release oxygen back into the environment.Plants need glucose to grow.We humans and other animals need oxygen to breathe and glucose to eat. 5.Plants is the term used for one of the two lmain groups that everything falls into, the other group is animals. They are distinguished by the fact that plants can t move，whereas animals can.There are around 300,000-315, 000 types of plants in the world, most of them are seed plants.Some types of plants we know are, trees shrubs, grass, vines,ferns and mosses.Green plants are very important to the environment.They are the only known thing in the world to change harmful carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen by the process of photosynthesis.The plants can clean our air and are good for our environment.6.We can also use some plants to produce paper，furniture and so on. We should protect plants.7.Every year，March 12 is the tree planting day in China. Parts of a tree1.A tree has roots，truck，branches and leaves.2.The branches and leaves form組成 a crown樹冠.3.The tree skin is called bark.4.The roots grow underground/in the soil/in the dirt. Flowers and pollination授粉部分內容摘自小西媽公號1.A flower/blossom includes stem/stalk柄，sepals花萼/calyx/?ke?l?ks, ?k?l?ks/花萼，receptacle花托，petals花瓣，stamens雄蕊（male，daddy，can produce yellow powder，pollen） and pistils雌蕊（female，mummy，can produce nectar）.2.A bud花蕾 comes up.Sepals花萼 form a cup to protect the flower.The bud begins to blossom.The sepals open ，too.Pistils雌蕊 are in the center of the flower/blossom and stamens雄蕊 are around the pistils sticking out in the circle.Pollen花粉 falls on pistils雌蕊 and the pistils are fertilized受精/pollenated.The process is called fertilization受精/pollination授粉.3.Who can help carry pollen to pistils？Bees，butterflies，wind ，etc.The beautiful petals or sweet nectar attracts bees.Bees fly from flower to flower to get pollen and sip nectar for preparing honey.The pollen sticks on bees and is carried to pistils.The pistils are fertilized受精/pollenated and will grow into seeds.And the ovary /???v?r?/子房 even receptacle花托 together will grow into fruits with seeds in it.4.If the flower is not fertilized受精/pollenated，the receptacle will wither凋謝.5.Summary概述：After the flower is fertilized/pollenated, the ovule /??vju?l/胚珠 develops into seed, the ovary /???v?r?/子房 wall develops into pericarp /?p?r??kɑ?p/ 果皮 and the pericarp encloses the seed to form fruit. Fruit developed from ovary is called true fruit, such as peach, cherry blossom, etc. In addition to the ovary, there are also receptacle花托, sepal /?s?p?l/ 萼片/calyx/?ke?l?ks, ?k?l?ks/花萼 and even the whole inflorescence that are involved in the formation of fruit, which is called false fruit, such as apple, Begonia verticillata, etc.花受精/授粉后，胚珠發育成種子，子房壁發育成果皮，果皮包裹著種子就形成了果實。單純由子房發育成的果實稱為真果，如桃、櫻花等。除子房外還有花托、花萼甚至整個花序都參與形成果實的稱為假果，如蘋果、垂絲海棠等。 FT 1+ Mushroom cultivation 培育蘑菇 摘自公號Rany's GardenPreparation 1.Mushroom is a delicious and nutritious vegetable.2.The most common mushrooms are oyster mushroom平菇，white mushroom白玉菇，b utton mushroom雙孢菇，needle mushroom金針菇，etc.3.What kind of mushroom do you like best?Let’s get some mushroom bags菌菇包 on line.We would better pick some mushrooms that are easy to cultivate/plant from our favourite mushrooms. Cultivation conditions of mushroom蘑菇的培育條件 1.Mushrooms grow well in dark,damp/moist environment. 2.Mushrooms need ventilation空氣流通 to grow quickly , or carbon dioxide build-up逐步增長 will prevent fruiting.And they can’t grow under direct sunlight. 3.So the light level and moisture/humidity濕度 level are very important .We should check once or twice a day.4.Mushrooms start as tiny "pins," then grow rapidly over the next few days if conditions are right. 5.How to cultivate培育 mushrooms？ Oyster(平菇不需要土培) 1.The substrate /?s?bstre?t/ 基質 with mycelium /ma??si?l??m/ 菌絲is inside the mushroom bag菌菇包.2.Open the outer package of the mushroom bag. Open the lid. Remove the small circle. The bag mouth袋口 is all open. Cut off the extra bag mouth(Leave 2-3 centimeters公分). Lay the mushroom bag in dark,damp/moist environment.3.Cover the bag with a wet towel(The bag mouth only needs to be covered in half to ventilate/?v?nt??le?t/ the area with a light cross breeze微風.).Because the fungus真菌 needs fresh air to clear out carbon dioxide, which prevents fruiting or leads to small mushrooms. 這種真菌需要新鮮空氣來清除二氧化碳，而二氧化碳會阻礙它結出果實或產生小蘑菇. 4.Tips: When the towel is a little dry,spray some water on it to keep it moist.（基本上保持毛巾濕潤就可以了，不用澆其它地方）Do not spray water directly on the mushroom surface before mushroom comes up沒有出菇之前不要噴水在菌菇表面.We can lightly spray the inner walls of the mushroom bag.5.Then the white, feathery /?f?e?r?/ 軟而輕的 "roots" called mycelium is spreading throughout the substrate.Now the mycelium has formed a thick mat inside the bag, it is ready to fruit (produce mushrooms).6.The mycelium is growing into a mushroom. When mushrooms come up,We can lightly spray on /mist the mushroom surface.Just a little water drop.Mushrooms will rot if we spray too much water. How to pick up mushrooms?如何摘取蘑菇？ 1.Once they have reached full size（about 7-10 centimeters公分）, press down on the substrate with one hand, then use the other hand to twist the stalk/stem off at the base連根摘取.You may eat them immediately or put them in fridge or dry them for later use. 2.If you're not sure what a fully developed oyster mushroom looks like, wait until the edges of the first mushroom go wavy卷曲的. This is slightly past optimal /??pt?m?l/ 最佳的harvesting point, but still edible. Pick the other mushrooms just before they reach the size of the first. 3.Tiny, aborted/??b??t/ 流產的 mushrooms are common in some strains在某些菌株中，微小的流產蘑菇很常見. Get rid of them清除它們 together when you pick up other normal mushrooms. 4.Cover a wet towel on the mushroom bag.Continue harvesting mushrooms. Most spawn is good for at least two fruitings, and some will continue growing for three or four months. Keep the substrate lightly moist and continue picking mushrooms until they stop appearing. FT 2Life cycle of a duck鴨子的生命周期Mother duck lays eggs and then sits on the eggs to incubate孵化.3 weeks later，crack，crack，crack，ducklings hanch from the eggs.（A baby duck is calked duckling.）Mother duck will take care of little ducklings.6 weeks later，the duckling will grow up to be a duck. FT 3The lifecycle of a frog青蛙的生命周期結合海尼曼《How frogs grow》A frog eggA baby tadpole（a big head 、a long tail、black body）A tadpole with 2 hind legs后腿（the tail is getting shorter）A tadpole with 4 legs （the tail is getting shorter）A little green frog.Adult（the tail disappeared）The process of the transformation is called metamorphosis.變態反應 All about frogs關于青蛙I am a tiny frog egg hiding under the lily pad in the pond.Pop！I come out of the egg.I am a cute baby tadpole with a long tail and big head.I'm black.I swim around to look for my mummy.Where is my mummy？Do you know？I grow 2 hind legs后腿 and my tail is getting shorter .I grow 2 forelegs前腿.I have 4 legs in total now. My tail is getting shorter.Now I am a little green frog.I say “croak，croak”My tail disappeared.I'm an adult frog now.The process過程 of the transformation轉變is called metamorphosis變態反應.I have 2 big eyes on the top of my head，a wide mouth，4 legs ，white tummy and green clothes.I am good at swimming and jumping.I don't have teeth.So I will not get cavities蛀牙.I like to catch bad bugs with my long tongue舌頭.The pond is a home for me.Now I am a mummy frog.I lay eggs in the water.Then I will miss my babies and look for my babies. A Traditional Story Baby tadpoles look for their mother.小蝌蚪找媽媽 A group of tadpoles swam around the pond happily.They had big heads，black bodies and long tails.They swam and swam.A few days later，each tadpole grew 2 hind legs后腿.They saw mother carp鯉魚 teach baby carp how to get food.They asked mother carp：“Ant carp，where is our mother？”“Your mother has 4 legs and 1 wide mouth.You can look for your mother over there，”mother carp said.They swam and swam.A few days later，each tadpole grew 2 forelegs前腿.They saw a turtle swim with 4 legs in the water.They rushed up and called：“Mother，mother！”“I'm not your mother.Your mother has 2 big eyes on top of her head and she is dressed in green.You can look for your mother over there，”the turtle smiled and said.They swam and swam.A few days later，their tails were getting shorter and shorter.They swam to the lily pad and saw a big frog squat on the lily pad with a white tummy and 2 big eyes and green clothes.Baby tadpoles swam over and called：“Mother，mother！”Mother frog looked down and smiled：“Good children，you are all grown-up frogs.Jump on！”They kicked back，jumped foreword and jumped on the lily pads.I don't know when their tails have disappeared.The process of the transformation is called metamorphosis.變態反應They follow their mother to catch big bugs everyday.“Mm，ah！”went the little green frog one day.“Mm，ah！”went the little green frog.“Mm，ah！”went the little green frog one day.And the little green frog went，“Mm，ah，mm，ah，mm，ah ah！” FT 4A list of camping and picnic露營和野餐清單摘自公號Rany' s GardenWe will go camping and have a picnic in the Tieshanping Park.Let's prepare according the list.Camping goods：a tent，a hammock吊床，a blanket，2 thermoses保溫杯，a big bottle of water（for washing hands），a blanket，napkins，wipes，garbage bags，a fruit knife，back scarf孩子的隔背巾，portable battery充電寶，a sun hat，sunscreen防曬霜 and a sun umbrella.Picnic：a preservation bag保溫包，porridge稀飯， stewed chicken claws（鹵雞爪，沒有很合適的翻譯，簡單這樣稱呼吧），cakes，nuts，candies（lollipops，jelly beans and chocolates），haw flakes山楂片，haw pieces果丹皮，fruits（blue berries藍莓，grapes，peaches and pears），milk，a bowl，some spoons.Learning and playing：a ball，a kite，a telescope望遠鏡，a magnifying glass放大鏡??，a drawing圖紙，a jar，a net，some books，cards，a guitar，and listeneer傾聽者M2. In the tentWe get up early and set off early for our camping and picnic.The sun is shining brightly.Good weather，good mood.好天氣好心情.The sun can burn us，so put sunscreen防曬霜 on our skin that it can protect us from the sunshine.We also need to put on sun hats or take a sun umbrella.We choose a flat lawn草坪 under some trees for our tent.Check to see if there are some tiny stones and sharp sticks and so on.Throw them away. We set up our tent here.The tent is done.We have a picnic in the tent.Yummy！Yummy！We play cards in the tent.We read books in the tent.We play games in the tent.We play guitar in the tent.We have a rest in the tent.We take a nap in the tent.It's cool and dry in the tent.It's lots of fun in the tent.Do you want to go camping next time？Yes！Yes！ FT 5Flying a kite部分內容摘自公號“憶樂時光”Different types/kinds of kitesOltraman kite奧特曼風箏，dog kite，fish kite，dragon kite，etc.How to make a kite？1.Join the sticks together.2.Glue the paper on the sticks.3.Paint and decorate.4.Tie the string/line to the sticks.Where can we fly a kite？Find a large and open area.More room，more fun.Where can't we fly a kite？1.Don't fly your kite near the wires.Because electricity goes through the wires.If your kite gets tangled with the wires，you may get shocked/an electric shock觸電.It's dangerous.2.Don't fly your kite near trees.Your kite may get stuck/caught in a tree.Keep off the grass.No littering.We should take care of the environment.When can we fly a kite？1.The good weather for flying a kite is a bright ，sunny day.The wind blows gently in spring.It's not raining.2.The kite won't fly if there isn't any wind，no matter how fast you run.3.We just need to wait，until the wind picks up a bit.Look，it's getting windy.Now that it's windy，the kite can fly.The wind is quite strong now.The wind is very strong now.How to fly a kite？Are you a bit of an expert at these things？When the wind blows，lift the kite and push it up into the air.Pull the kite line/hold the ball of string and run as fast as you can with the wind.Once the wind speed reaches a certain point，the kite will soar翱翔 upright.From then on，you don't need to run any more.Just stand/sit there to let the string out slowly/release the string slowly/tug the string towards yourself repetitively重復地.When the kite falls，pull the string or run.From beginning to end，don't let the spool 線軸?? out of control.How to take your kite back from the sky？Pull the string to lower the kite and wind纏繞 the string around the spool線軸?? slowly.How to do when your kite is in trouble？1.If your kite gets tangled with the wires，leave it there.You might get shocked/an electricity shock 觸電.Safety comes first.2.If your kite gets stuck/caught in a tree，ask your parents to rescue/get/save it down.Other things to do1.Admiring spring flowers.2.Going hiking.3.Camping and picnic.4.Picking up strawberries，etc.

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春天的FT備課內容

Amy小時候