【故宮】FT-Vlearn1906期29號Domi-2020.5.16

Domi玩游戲

The Palace Museum 知識點：1.再次見面及再見場景練習2.地鐵出行場景練習3.了解故宮：①　故宮的整體介紹②　重要宮殿的介紹③　一些有意思的典故：太和殿門前的獅子、大水缸、內金水河、末代皇帝溥儀等4.活動中常用單詞及句型學習：5.東南西北方向學習（通過逛故宮了解東南西北方向）6.材質單詞的學習（通過看各種文物了解各種材質） 游戲:treasure hunt 、painting、picture ????再次見面及再見場景練習 1?3種再次見面打招呼類型 再次見面It’s nice to see you again.---It’s good to see you，too 朋友見面英語問候： 類型一：問近況 How are you feeling?　心情怎么樣? What's up?　怎么樣? What brings you here today? 什么風把你吹來了? 類型二：好久不見 It's been too long. 好久沒見了。 Long time no see!　好久不見了! Haven't seen you for ages! 好久沒見到你了! 類型三：夸獎對方 You look good. 你看上去不錯嘛。 You look nice. 你看起來很棒。 You look well. 你看上去很好。 2?最普通的道別方式 Goodbye/Bye Goodbye較為少用，通常用于絕對的道別(暗指將不會再見)，而bye則是一種更放松、非正式的道別方法。<div>1.See You Later/See you/Later 在see you later和see you中，“you”可發(fā)音為ya。 </div> 3?4種親切自然的道別方式 1. It was nice to see you again 這是你向某個熟人道別時重要的表達方式之一，趕緊學起來。 2. Take Care 無論是正式還是非正式場合，跟朋友或陌生人，你都可以用這句話來表達真切的問候，道一聲珍重。 3. Take it Easy 通常用于非正式場合。雖然很多人在勸別人“保持冷靜”時會用上一句“Take it easy”，但這種道別方式也傳遞著我希望你有機會放松一下，享受當下的意思。 4. Have a good one 這是另外一種地道的道別方法，主要表達希望某人安好。你也可以說have a good day/weekend/trip/vacation，但“have a good one”表達的是廣泛意義上的關切問候，沒有特殊的指某個具體的方面。 ????地鐵出行場景練習 1. Let's take the subway today. 咱們今天坐地鐵吧。 2. Let's take the escalator down. Watch where your step. Hold onto mommy's hand and stand firm. 咱們乘扶梯下去吧。注意腳下。拉好媽媽的手，站穩(wěn)。 3. No need to hold the handrail. It's too tall for you. In particular, don't touch the side of the handrail because it doesn't move along with us. 不用扶扶手。它對你來說太高了。尤其不要碰扶手的側面，因為它不會隨著咱們走的。 4.Transport card 公交卡（亦作transport pass，交通通行證。很多城市的公交卡都有自己的名字，紐約的叫Metro Card；倫敦的叫Oyster Card；香港的八達通英文名叫Octopus Card；悉尼的叫Opal Card。） Let's swipe our transport cards. 咱們刷下公交卡。（亦可將swipe替換為scan，掃描。） Let's insert our cards. 咱們把卡插進去。（亦可將insert替換為slide，滑動。） 5. Don't stand too close to the edge of the platform. Stand behind the yellow line. 不要離站臺邊太近。站在黃線后面。 6. A train is arriving at the station. Please pay attention to the signage ['sainid?] which shows where this train is bound for. 一輛列車進站了。注意引導牌，它寫著這輛車開往哪兒。 7. Let's line up to get on. Don't push. 咱們排隊上車。別擠。 8. The train is departing from the station. Please hold tight to mommy's hand and I will hold onto the handle. 列車出站了。握緊媽媽的手，我拉著拉環(huán)（亦可將depart from替換為pull out of。） 9. We are getting off at the next station. Let's move towards the door. 我們下站該下車了。咱們換到門那兒去。 10. Actually, the next station is an interchange station. Many people will get off, so we can just follow the flow of the people. 對了，下一站是換乘站。好多人都下，咱們跟著人流走就行了。 11. Actually, the next station is the final stop. Everyone has to get off. 對了，下一站是總站。大家都得下。 ????了解故宮 1?故宮的整體介紹 The imperial palace in Beijing is the imperial palace of the Ming and qing dynasties in China, formerly known as the Forbidden City. The construraron of Forbidden City started in 1406 and completed in 1420. 故宮的建設始于1406年完成于1420年 Started from the 3rd Emperor Zhudi in the Ming Dynasty, there were 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City for almost 500 years. 從明朝第三個皇帝朱棣開始,一共有240皇帝住在故宮里面差不多500年 Forbidden Ciy is divided into two parts， the outer court and inner court, so our tour will be going along the central axis to the outer court and inner court and imperial garden and then northern exit. 故宮分為兩部分,外朝和內寢,所以呢我們的旅游路線就是沿著中軸路到外朝、內寢到御花園最后是北出口 2?重要宮殿的介紹 1.午門 The Meridian Gate There are three arched entrances in the front and another two, one on each wing of the platform.The central arch was used only by the emperor.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, grand ceremonies, like announcing the new calendar for the coming year, were held hereNow Meridian Gate is used as an important exhibition hall in the Forbidden City and the only entrance to the imperial palace.大門（又稱五鳳塔）由平前面有三個拱形入口，另有兩個，一個在平臺的每個機翼上。中央拱門只被皇帝使用。明清之際，在這里舉行了盛大的儀式，就像宣布來年的新日歷一樣。現在，子午門被用作紫禁城的重要展廳和皇宮的唯一入口。 2.太和門 The gate of Supreme Harmony There are two side entrances, Zhaode Gate on the east, and Zhendu Gate on the west. In front of the main Gate is a square of about 26,000 square meters, with an inner ‘Golden River’ flowing from west to east. Four bronze vats and a pair of lions stand on the two sides. In the Ming and early Qing Dynasty, this was the place where the emperor works everyday morning. 有兩個側入口，東側為昭德門，西側為振都門.. 正門前是一個大約2.6萬平方米的廣場，里面有一條“黃金河”從西向東流動。四只銅缸和一對獅子站在兩邊。明清初，這是皇帝每天早晨處理國家事務的地方。 3. 弘義閣 Pavilion of Spreading Righteousness 4. 太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony The?Hall?of?Supreme?Harmony was the place where important ceremonies, such as an emperor’s wedding,were held in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.On the platform, a sundial, a Jialiang (a measuring vessel), a pair of tortoises, cranes, and eighteen vessels can be seen. Inside it stands 72 pillars of which seven are entwined by dragons.<div>太和殿是明清舉行重要儀式的地方，如皇帝的婚禮。在平臺上，可以看到一個日晷，一個嘉良（一個測量器），一對烏龜，起重機和十八艘船。它里面有72根柱子，其中7根是龍纏繞的。 </div> 5.中和殿 The hall of Middle Harmony The Hall was mainly used as a resting place for the emperor before attending important ceremonies in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. The main furnishing is a throne, around which four censers are placed. 在參加太和殿重要儀式之前，該殿主要用作皇帝的休息場所。（在這里，皇帝還會在祭祀儀式和傳統的種子和農具檢查之前準備挽歌，然后前往農業(yè)祭壇。）主要的家具是一個寶座，周圍放置了四個香爐。 6.保和殿 the hall of Preserving Harmony In the Ming Dynasty, the hall was used as a dressing room before the emperor attended grand ceremonies. In early Qing Times, it served as the wedding venue for the Emperor. It was also a place where the emperors held banquets. Later, it was used as a place to hold the final stage of imperial examinations. 明代，在皇帝出席盛大儀式之前，大廳被用作更衣室。在清初時代，它是皇帝的婚禮場地。這也是皇帝舉行宴會的地方。后來，它被用作舉行科舉考試最后階段的地方。 7.乾清門 the Gate of Heavenly Purity 8.乾清宮 The palace of Heavenly Purity From the Ming dynasty to the early qing dynasty, The?palace?of?Heavenly?Purity was the emperor's sleeping palace and later became the place of office. 乾清代表國家穩(wěn)定和皇帝的正直行為。在前面的平臺上，一只青銅烏龜和起重機站著。在兩邊，在平臺上，有兩個測量工具，東側有一個日晷，西側有一個嘉良。這些象征著皇帝對人的公平。在進入大廳時，王位就在前面，上面掛著一塊由順治皇帝（北京第一位皇帝）刻有“光明與純潔”的招牌。 9.交泰殿the palace of Union and Peace It was a place for the empress to receive greetings on major festivals and her birthday. 這是一個地方，皇后收到問候在重大節(jié)日和她的生日。這也是一個存放二十五枚不同帝國印章的地方。左邊有一個銅裂解器（水鐘），右邊有一個機械敲擊時鐘。這些被用來在紫禁城設定標準時間。 10.坤寧宮 The palace of Earthly Tranquility It was first built in 1420 of the Ming Dynasty as the palace of the empresses. 它最初建于明朝1420年，作為女皇的宮殿。 11.御花園 The imperial garden In the garden, there are about 160 trees with a history of 300 years. Different kinds of bonsai are scattered around. The paths were all pebbled colorfully, with the pebbles arranged in 900 patterns such as figures, flowers, depictions of classical stories. 在花園里，大約有160棵樹，有300年的歷史。各種盆景錯落有致.. 這些小徑都是彩色的鵝卵石，鵝卵石排列在900種圖案中，如圖形、花朵、古典故事的描述。 12. 神武門 the gate of divine prowess It was an important entrance for daily passage, both in and out of the Forbidden City. In 1942, the last emperor, Puyi, went out of the Palace from this door. 　　這是每天進出紫禁城的重要入口。一九四二年，末代皇帝溥儀從這扇門出去了。 3?一些有意思的典故：太和殿門前的獅子、大水缸、內金水河、末代皇帝溥儀等 1.太和門前最大的青銅獅子：Bronze lions 公獅子 母獅子 this is the Gate of Supreme Hormeny, by going through this gate, we'll see the most striking building in the Forbidden City. 這個是太和門,走過這里就會看到故宮里的最具有標志性的建筑（太和殿) The Gate is guarded by two bronze lions, one is here, the other one is sitting at the other side, They are the largest bronze lions in China. 這個大門由兩只青銅獅子守衛(wèi)。這邊有一個。另外那邊還坐著一只。他們是中國最大的青銅獅子。 The lions were considered as the mythical animal, legendary animal ,they were doing such duties of warding off the evil spirit of the building. 獅子被認為是神話或傳說中的動物。他們主要的工作是可以辟邪。 So they were kept as the good doorkeepers for Emperor's residence. 所以呢，他們經常被用做市王住所的守護者。 Those two lions have minor differences between two parts.Let me tell you, one is male, the other one is female. 這兩個獅子之間有一點微小的不同。還是我告訴你們吧,一只雄一只雌。 The male lion is playing a ball under the foot while the female lion,playing a baby cub under the foot. 雄獅腳下玩著一個圓球,同時雌獅，玩著一只小幼師。 Which (male lion) symbolizes the emperors were the rules of the whole world. Which (female) represents the Prosperity of the Emperors 'offspring. 這個(雄師)象征皇帝是全世界的統治者，這個（雌師)代表著皇帝的子嗣興隆。 2.大水缸： 銅缸 鐵缸 In total, there were used to be 308 such cauldrons in the Forbidden City, but now there are only 231 are left. 總的來講。過去故宮里面一共有308個這樣的大缸,但是現在只剩下了231. And the purpose of those cauldrons were for storing water against fire, because nearly 100% of the buidings in the Forbidden City made by wooden material 這些大缸的用途是盛水防火用的,因為差不多所有故宮建筑都是木建筑. so they're quite easily catching the fire, thats why they put 308 cauldrons in the Forbidden Cty for against fire,but they didn't work very well. 所以它們很容易著火，這也是為什么要放308口缸在故宮里面防火,但是他們的作用有限。 Couse such high building catching fire from the top (by Iightning)you can't get water up to the top of it. 因為像這么高的建筑如果雷擊從頂部著火沒人可以把水運到頂部去。 Let's take a look on the other side of it. there's air vent/hole underneath each cauldron where for setting up fire during winter time to keep the water inside cauldron from freezing. 在每一個大缸的下面會有一個通氣孔，這里是在冬天生火用的以保證缸里面的水不會結冰。 3.內金水河： The river is called as "inner golden river" it serves the function of Fengshui, and also for fighting against fire if there happened a fire on those buldings. 這條河叫"內金水河",它的作用是風水,同時這些建筑失火還可以救火。 There're five marble bridges spanning inner golden river .they're the symbols of five virtues preached by Confucius. 在金水河上橫跨著5座橋,它們代表孔子所講的五種美德。 Benevolence, righteousness politeness,wisdom and fidelity, they'tre five virtues preached by Confucius, that's what those five marble bridges symbolize for. 仁義禮智信。它們是孔子玩講的五德。這就是這5座橋象征的意義。 4.末代皇帝溥儀： 5.神獸 6.日晷 7.龍頭 8.石雕 Last emperor Puyi, who ascended the throne in that bulding-hall of supreme harmony in 1908 or the age of only3. 最后的皇帝溥儀。在1908年。他就是在那個大殿大和殿里登基的,當時的年齡只有3歲。 He was so scared by the complicated procedures that he kept crying and shouting " i don't want to stay here,i want to go home. 由于這些過于繁瑣的禮儀讓他太害怕了所以一直哭喊著"我要回家,我更回家"。 His father tried to soothe him and said "dont worry.it soon will be over". 他爸爸一直試圖安慰他并說道"別擔心,快完了快完了"。 For those civil ond military officials got shocked, coz they thought his father suggested the Qing dynasty will soon be over. 這樣讓這些文武關臣很吃驚,因為他們想的是他爸爸在指大清王朝快完了。 And only 3 years later in 1911, the Qing dynasty which last for 267years did collapse. 就在3年后的1911年,持續(xù)了267年的清朝倒臺了。 ????情景會話 A： Mommy, how did the Forbidden City get this name? 本叔叔，紫禁城這個名字是怎么來的啊？ B： Well, in the feudal society, emperors had supreme power, so his residence was certainly a forbidden palace. 這個嘛，在封建社會，帝王擁有至高無上的權利，那他的住處當然是禁地啦。<div>A： His residence? You mean the whole palace? 他的住所？你是說這整個宮殿嗎？ B： Yes. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court was for the emperor to exercise his power over the nation, and the northern part, or the Inner Court was for his royal family. 是的。紫禁城分為兩個部分。南部，或者叫外院是皇帝實施權力管理國家的地方，北部，或者叫內院是皇室的住所。 A： Oh, unbelievable. This was too luxurious. 哦，真難以置信，好奢華啊。 </div><div>B： Even the whole country belonged to him. That's why he is called the emperor. 甚至連整個國家都是屬于他的。這就是為什么他被稱為皇帝啊。 A： OK, then. I love these unique structured towers with the delicate carvings on them. It's really artistic. 好吧，嗯，我喜歡這些造型別致的塔，它們上面有很多精致的雕刻。真是藝術啊。 B： Yeah, the buildings and designs of the Forbidden City are the peak of Chinese traditional architecture, not only scientific but also suitable for living. 是啊。紫禁城的建筑和設計達到了中國傳統建筑的頂峰，不僅科學而且很適合居住。 A： I agree. It's definitely a product of wisdom. Well, why were those small animal sculptures placed on the tops of the buildings? 我同意。它真是智慧的成果。還有，為什么把那些小動物的雕塑放在建筑物頂部呢？ B： Some of them are mascots and some are symbols of power. 有一些是吉祥物，還有一些則是權勢的象征。 A： Why are there so many yellow things? Is yellow the lucky color in China? 為什么這里有這么多黃色的東西啊？在中國黃色是幸運的顏色嗎？ B： Oh, no. In fact, yellow is the symbol of the royal family. 哦，不是的。實際上，黃色是皇族的象征。 A： Just like the pattern dragon, right? 就像是龍的圖案，對嗎？ </div><div>B： Exactly. Here is the Nine-dragon Screen. 沒錯。這個是九龍壁。 </div><div>A： Oh, it's really fabulous. I wanna take a picture here. 哦，它真漂亮啊。我要在這里照一張照片。 B： Sure, this will be a really good picture. 可以，一定會是一張很棒的照片。 注釋: feudal adj. 封建的 supreme adj. 最高的 residence n. 住所 royal adj. 皇家的 luxurious adj. 奢侈的 structured adj. 有結構的 artistic adj. 富于藝術想象力的，有藝術技巧的 sculpture n. 雕塑 fabulous adj. 極好的，絕妙的 </div><div> </div> ????東南西北方向學習（通過逛故宮了解東南西北方向） North is up, South is down, West is left and East is right ????問路和指路 1?英語問路常用語 英語問路一般開始用Excuse me，或者sorry to bother you Excuse me， can you tell me where the toilet is? Excuse me， could you tell me which is the way to the nearest toilet? Excuse me， would you please show me the way to the toilet? 請告訴我去廁所怎么走好嗎? Where does this street lead to? 這條街通什么地方? 2?英語指路回答常用語 Go down this street， and turn to the left at the first crossing. 沿著這條街走，在第一個十字路口向左拐。 Go straight ahead about 100metres. 往前一直走 100米。 Go this way about 10 minutes. When you come to a lane， turn right. 沿著這條路大約走10分鐘。當你走到一條小巷時，然后向右拐。 Keep straight on for two blocks. 一直往前走，走過兩個街區(qū)。 Cross the street and turn left. 過了這條街，然后向左拐。 It‘s over there. 就在那邊。 It‘s just around the corner. 就在拐角處。 It‘s opposite the post office. 在郵局對面。 It‘s next to the hospital. 就在醫(yī)院隔壁。 It‘s not far from here. 離這兒不遠。 It‘s only two blocks. 只過兩條馬路就到。 It‘s at the end of the street. 在這條街的盡頭。 ????材質單詞的學習（通過看各種文物了解各種材質） What is it made of？ It is made of marble、wood、gold、silver 、bronze、iron 、glass Plastic、bricks、sand 微信號:DomiJoy0323

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【故宮】FT-Vlearn1906期29號Domi-2020.5.16

Domi玩游戲