<h1><b>淺談碳五(戊烷)在采油廠供熱中的應用</b></h1><h3> 作者：王賢能</h3><h1><b> ［摘要：分布式混空輕制氣系統在烴谷能源站中的建設應用，取得成功，由國家命名的第四代城市燃氣-混空輕烴燃氣， 2011年《混空輕烴燃氣》（CJ/T341-2010）、2014年《穩定輕烴》（GB9053-2013）的國家標準正式實施，促進了本行業的技術進步和市場發展。］</b></h1><h1> 2018年12月4日中朗烴谷能源科技(湖北)有限公司建設的中國石化江蘇油田安徽采油廠 “烴谷能源站”點火成功，正式試運行。運行至今，符合全部工況，在環保、安全、技術、節能、省錢諸方面的表現優異，持續可運行。現將有關應用效果總結如下：</h1><h1><b> 一、油田采油機工作原理</b></h1><h1> 油田采油機，又稱：抽油機、挖油機，都是由驢頭、游梁以及支架與曲柄相結合的，組裝好了以后，即可自動工作了，職能就是把石油從地下抽出來。把地下深處的原油連水一起抽上來，然后再由內井泵與排油配合，把石油吸出來，又通過活塞運動，讓石油達到地面，然后通過油水分離技術，石油和水分開，把石油存入儲油罐。</h1><h1><b> 二、原油輸送問題</b></h1><h1> 原油具有一定的黏性，尤其是當溫度較低的時候，存儲在儲油罐的原油不容易直接輸出，必須進行一定的加熱，將原油升溫至30℃-60℃，才能通過管道輸送至煉油廠。采油廠在天長縣境內，一年常溫最高38度，最低達零下15度 ，特別是在10月至次年5月的8個月時間內石油不能正常輸送，需要加溫后才能輸送。</h1><h1><b> 三、采油廠的工況</b></h1><h1> 采油廠有80個抽油機器在工作，每天產油300多噸，要從采油廠輸運至20公里外的原油冶煉廠進行加工，這就有個原油輸送問題：只有將冷凝水溫度保持在80至100℃，把原油升溫至30℃-60℃，才能通過管道輸送至煉油廠。中朗烴谷公司因應采油廠的需求，我們在采油廠建設了 “烴谷子能源站”一座，現場制作“戊烷”，燃燒給鍋爐加熱，使用“盤管整罐加熱法”使原油溫度保持在30至60度，然后輸送至煉油廠，這具有較好的節約能源，加熱效率高的特點。</h1><h1><b> 四、戊烷的獲得</b></h1><h1> 1.戊烷可由天然氣或石油催化裂解、熱分解過程中獲得。由于精制程度不同，常含有C5烴的異構體、甲基環戊烷等沸點相近的烴類以及不飽和化合物、水分、含硫化合物等雜質。精制時，不飽和化合物用硫酸洗滌除去，可用氯化鈣、無水硫酸鈉、五氧化二磷或金屬鈉等脫水劑脫水，再進行蒸餾，也可用分子篩脫水。</h1><h1> 2.由順丁烯二酸酐加氫，或由呋喃在鎳催化劑存在下氫化制得。</h1><h1> 3.以抽提C5為原料，經加氫后精餾分離，可得到正戊烷。或者以天然氣凝析油為原料，經精餾分離可得到正戊烷。還可以以正戊醇為原料，經脫水、加氫、精餾制得正戊烷。</h1><h1> 4.以工業品正戊烷為原料，先用濃硫酸洗滌至酸層無色，然后用0.02mol/L高錳酸鉀的10%硫酸溶液洗滌至烯烴含量合格。再依次用0.02mol/L高錳酸鉀的10%氫氧化鈉水溶液、水洗滌，然后用無水氯化鈣干燥，過濾后蒸餾，收集中間餾分，即為純品。</h1><h1> 5.通過2-戊醇和3-戊醇再氫化制得，亦可由2-溴戊烷通過Grignard反應制得。</h1><h1><b> 五、戊烷的利用</b></h1><h1> 中朗烴谷與中國科學院聯合研制的“分布式混空輕烴制氣系統”(發明專利號：201811153396.8)，成功制造了“AI防爆(節能)型輕烴燃料制氣裝置”，對輕烴制氣技術原理實現了重大突破，安全性 、環境保護達到了全新高度，處于輕烴制氣行業技術領先水平。</h1><h1><b> 烴谷能源站V5.0:</b>由主機（AI防爆(節能)型輕烴燃料制氣裝置）、輕烴儲備罐、儲備罐至主機之間輸油管線、主機至燃燒爐之間輸氣管線、地槽土建、主機房建筑、消防設施、避雷安全設施、遠程監控設施、配電及用電設施、排給水設施、通訊設施、防靜電設施等13個單元組成。</h1><h1><b> 設計環節確立了安全優先思維</b>：防爆功能預設+雙回路控制系統預設。</h1><h1><b> 依戊烷特性，順勢而為，制造出最先進的戊烷制氣裝置</b>：制氣壓力和輸氣壓力遠低于天然氣、煤氣、液化氣。天然氣的制/輸壓力值為0.32MPa，是戊烷的九倍多 。從液態的穩定制取到使用，達到國家標準。戊烷燃燒無殘液、無殘渣，無色無味無毒，沒有二次污染，完全符合國家環保要求。</h1><h1><b> 六、“戊烷”應用解決的是鋼性需求</b></h1><h1> (1)實現了“煤改氣”：環保達到國家標準指標與要求；</h1><h1> (2)解決了遠離天然氣管網地區的企業使用能源的需求；</h1><h1> (3)滿足了需要連續使用、大量消耗能源的需求；</h1><h1> (4)兼顧了節能、省錢問題！</h1><h1><b> 七、 幾點感想</b></h1><h1> “烴谷能源站” 在環保、安全、技術、節能諸方面的優異表現，為中朗烴谷未來發展奠定了堅實的基礎:一是我們的經驗和教訓的結晶；二是用我們智慧來解決困難、困惑的集結地；三是投資式、效益式、經濟式、影響式的完美結合；四是發明專利“分布式混空輕烴制氣系統”技術從實驗室走向戰場的實際載體，是具有革命性的產物，為中國“煤改氣”及藍天保衛戰作出貢獻！</h1><h3>參考文獻</h3><h1>作者:郵箱3300306251@qq.com,</h1><h1>電話：13907131914</h1><h1> 2019年01月09日武漢</h1><h3> </h3> <h1><b> 八.戊烷的應用優勢</b></h1><h1> 由中國科學院與中朗烴谷聯合研發出的“分布式混空輕烴制氣系統”獲得國家知識產權局發明專利技術獨家所有的認定，一致認為在戊烷油氣化技術方面達到國際先進水平。</h1><h1> 戊烷是石油、天然氣等領域的副產品，多為液態，以前被作為溶劑、發泡劑、麻醉劑使用，例如泡沫餐盒等。而“布式混空輕烴制氣系統”技術，突破戊烷在能源領域的應用現狀，將戊烷氣化后與空氣混合成為可燃氣體，從而將戊烷轉化成一種燃料。</h1><h1> 戊烷與空氣形成的混合可燃氣體在燃燒過程沒有有害碳排放，排放出來的大部分是水蒸氣，同比煤、天然氣等具有減排、環保的優勢。同時，戊烷混合氣燃燒的熱效率高、燃燒效果好，能達到攝氏2800度以上，而且溫度可控，是非常理想的環保能源。</h1><h1> 第五代戊烷制氣站已完成多座站的建設應用，效果極好！</h1> <h1><b>Application of carbon penta (pentane) in heat supply in oil production plant</b></h1><h1> Author: wang xianeng</h1><h1>Mixed empty light gasification system [abstract: the distributed energy station construction application in the valley of hydrocarbon, successful, named by the state of the fourth generation of city gas - mix empty light hydrocarbon gas, 2011 "mix empty light hydrocarbon gas" (CJ/T341-2010), in 2014 the stability qingting (GB9053-2013) national standards effect, promote the technical progress and market development of the industry.]</h1><h1>On December 4, 2018, the "hydrocarbon valley energy station" in anhui oil production plant of jiangsu oilfield of sinopec, built by jirang hydrocarbon valley energy technology (hubei) co., ltd. was successfully ignited and officially put into trial operation. Up to now, it has been running in line with all working conditions, with excellent performance in environmental protection, safety, technology, energy saving and money saving, and can be operated continuously. The relevant application effects are summarized as follows:</h1><h1>I. working principle of oil field oil recovery machine</h1><h1>Oilfield oil extractor, also known as: pumping unit, oil digger, are made of donkey head, beam and bracket and crank combined, assembled, can work automatically, the function is to extract oil from the ground. The crude oil in the deep underground is pumped together with water, and then the well pump is combined with the oil discharge to suck the oil out, and then the oil reaches the ground through the piston movement, and then the oil and water are separated through the oil-water separation technology, and the oil is stored in the storage tank.</h1><h1>Ii. Crude oil transportation</h1><h1>Has a certain viscosity of crude oil, especially when the temperature is low, is stored in the storage tanks of crude oil is not easy to directly output, must carry out certain heating, oil heating up to 30 ℃ to 60 ℃, can through the tubes to refineries. The oil production plant is located in tianchang county, where the annual room temperature is as high as 38 degrees Celsius and as low as minus 15 degrees Celsius. In particular, the oil cannot be delivered normally during the 8-month period from October to the next may, and it can only be delivered after heating.</h1><h1>Iii. Working conditions of the oil production plant</h1><h1>Production plant has 80 pumping unit in the work and produce more than 300 tons of oil every day, from production to transport to 20 km smelters to carry on the processing of crude oil, there is a crude oil transportation problem: only keep condensate temperature in the 80-100 ℃, the crude oil to heat up to 30 ℃ to 60 ℃, can through pipes to refineries. Lang hydrocarbon in the valley of the company to meet the needs of a production plant in our production plant is built a "hydrocarbon millet energy station", the "pentane, combustion heat boiler, using" coil whole pot heating method "to keep oil temperature in 30 to 60 degrees, and then transported to the refineries, it has better energy saving, the characteristics of high heat efficiency.</h1><h1>Acquisition of pentane</h1><h1>1. Pentane can be obtained by catalytic cracking and thermal decomposition of natural gas or oil. Due to the different degree of refining, often contains C5 hydrocarbon isomer, methylcyclopentane and other similar boiling point hydrocarbons and unsaturated compounds, water, sulfur compounds and other impurities. When refining, unsaturated compounds with sulfuric acid washing remove, available calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide or sodium metal dehydrating agent dehydration, then distillation, also available molecular sieve dehydration.</h1><h1>2. Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or hydrogenation of furan in the presence of nickel catalyst.</h1><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3> <h1>2. Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or hydrogenation of furan in the presence of nickel catalyst.</h1><h1>3. N-pentane can be obtained by extraction of C5 as raw material, hydrogenation and distillation separation. Or n - pentane can be obtained from NGL by distillation separation. Pentane can also be prepared from n-pentanol by dehydration, hydrogenation and distillation.</h1><h1>4. Industrial n-pentane was used as raw material to wash it with concentrated sulfuric acid until the acid layer was colorless, and then wash it with 10% sulfuric acid solution of 0.02mol/L potassium permanganate until the olefin content was qualified. Then successively with 0.02mol/L potassium permanganate 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, water washing, and then anhydrous calcium chloride drying, filtration after distillation, collection of middle fraction, that is pure.</h1><h1>5. It can be prepared by rehydrogenation of 2-pentanol and 3-pentanol, or by Grignard reaction of 2-bromopentane.</h1><h1>V. utilization of pentane</h1><h1>Lang hydrocarbon in the valley and the joint development of the Chinese academy of sciences "distributed mix air light hydrocarbon gasification system" (invention patent no. : 201811153396.8), successfully created "AI explosion-proof type (energy saving) light hydrocarbon fuel gasification device", achieved a major breakthrough in the theory of light hydrocarbon gasification technology, security, environmental protection to a new height, in the light hydrocarbon gasification technology industry leading level.</h1><h1>Hydrocarbon valley energy station V5.0: by the host (AI explosion-proof type (energy saving) light hydrocarbon fuel gasification device), light hydrocarbon reserve tank, storage tank and pipeline between the host, the host, geosyncline between furnace gas pipeline civil engineering, computer room construction, fire control facilities, lightning safety, remote monitoring, power distribution and electricity facilities, water supply facilities, communication facilities, anti-static facilities 13 units.</h1><h1>Safety priority thinking is established in the design process: explosion-proof function preset + dual-loop control system preset.</h1><h1>According to the characteristics of pentane, we make the most advanced pentane gas production equipment: the pressure of gas production and gas transmission is much lower than that of natural gas, gas and liquefied gas. The production/delivery pressure of natural gas is 0.32MPa, more than nine times that of pentane. From the stability of liquid production to use, up to national standards. Pentane combustion without residual liquid, no residue, colorless tasteless non-toxic, no secondary pollution, fully in line with the national environmental protection requirements.</h1><h1>Vi. Pentane application solves the steel demand</h1><h1>(1) "coal to gas" has been achieved: the environmental protection has reached the national standards and requirements;</h1><h1>(2) solve the energy demand of enterprises far away from the natural gas pipeline network;</h1><h1>(3) meet the needs of continuous use and large consumption of energy;</h1><h1>(4) energy saving and money saving!</h1><h1>Seven, several impressions</h1><h1>The excellent performance of "hydrocarbon valley energy station" in environmental protection, safety, technology and energy conservation has laid a solid foundation for the future development of zhonglang hydrocarbon valley. The second is to use our wisdom to solve the difficulties, confusion of the gathering place; The perfect combination of investment type, benefit type, economic type and influence type; Fourth, the invention patent "distributed mixed air light hydrocarbon gas system" technology from the laboratory to the actual carrier of the battlefield, is a revolutionary product, for China's "coal to gas" and contribute to the blue sky defense!</h1>